Morphological evolution and land cover changes in the Mureș River riparian area over a century of anthropogenic pressure

Abstract

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the morphological changes in the Mureș River channel and the associated land cover changes within the riparian zone over a century, from 1900 to 2005. Utilizing advanced geomatic techniques, the research reveals significant alterations in the river’s geometry and riparian land cover, influenced by both natural dynamics and human activities. Our findings reveal a significant decrease of approximately 7.5% in the river’s surface area, indicating substantial geomorphological transformations. Meander characteristics exhibited notable alterations: some sectors experienced an increase in meandering by up to 60%, reflecting natural adjustments to environmental conditions, while others showed significant straightening with decreases in meander length by up to 50%, likely due to human interventions such as river engineering and land use changes. The land cover analysis within the riparian zone highlighted a substantial increase of 257% in urban construction, expanding from 5060 hectares in 1900 to 13,045 hectares in 2005. Concurrently, there was a 16% reduction in forested areas, with a loss of 4234 hectares, reflecting intense urbanization and deforestation trends. These changes were more pronounced in sectors adjacent to urban centers, indicating the significant impact of human activities on the river’s environment. The findings show a notable decrease in the river’s surface area and an increase in meandering in certain sectors, while others have experienced significant straightening. The land cover analysis highlights a marked increase in urban construction and a significant reduction in forested areas, reflecting broader trends of urbanization and environmental transformation. These insights are crucial for informing future river management and conservation strategies, emphasizing the interconnectedness of geomorphological processes and land use practices.