Perceptions and Reintegration Experiences of Albanian Health Care Staff Returning from Abroad

Abstract

Abstract International healthcare staff migration remains a persistent issue, particularly for low and middle-income countries facing health workforce shortages. While motivations for migration have been well-studied, limited attention has been given to the experiences of healthcare professionals returning to their countries of origin. This study explores the perceptions and reintegration experiences of healthcare workers who returned to Albania after working abroad. A mixed-methods approach was employed. Data collection was conducted during January and February 2025. Quantitative data were collected from 24 healthcare professionals using structured questionnaires, while qualitative insights were gathered through semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis, following Braun and Clarke’s framework, was used for qualitative data interpretation. The main reasons for return included family-related motivations (41.7%) and professional challenges abroad (33.3%). Over half of participants (54.2%) found work immediately upon return, while others experienced difficulty re-entering the workforce or worked outside their profession. Most returnees (91.7%) believed they were contributing positively to the healthcare system. Challenges included delayed employment, low wages, inadequate infrastructure, and bureaucratic obstacles. Despite improvements, perceptions of the healthcare workforce in Albania remained mixed. Returning healthcare professionals offer valuable skills gained abroad but face reintegration barriers. Policies recognizing foreign qualifications, offering employment support, and opportunities for returnees are critical to optimize their contribution to the national health system. Keywords: migration; health care personnel; reasons for returning; contribution; challenges